|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
The Multiple Meanings of ViolenceChildren's talk about life in a South African neighbourhood
Jenny Parkes
University of London, j.parkes{at}ioe.ac.uk
Drawing on data from an empirical study of children's engagements with violence in South Africa, this article explores children's talk about violence in their neighbourhood. Violence entered into children's daily lives in many forms, repelling and disempowering them. At the same time, violence could attract, when it was understood as a form of capital or a source of control. As children tried to negotiate subject positions in relation to violence, they experienced conflicts and tensions; in managing these tensions, they both resisted and perpetuated violent beliefs and practices. The article concludes by considering the implications for the well-being of young people, and by suggesting ways in which programmes and interventions might support children's resistance to violence.
Key Words: discourse masculinity social construction South Africa violence
References
- Anderson, N., S. Mhatre, S. Naidoo, N. Mayet, N. Mqotsi, M. Penderis, J. Onishi, M. Myburg and S. Merhi (2000) Beyond Victims and Villains: The Culture of Sexual Violence in South Johannesburg. Johannesburg: CIET Africa.
- Barbarin, O.A. and L.M. Richter (2001) Mandela's Children: Growing up in Post-Apartheid South Africa. London: Routledge.
- Bhana, D. (2005) `Violence and the Gendered Negotiation of Masculinity among Young Black School Boys in South Africa', in L. Ouzgane and R. Morrell (eds) African Masculinities, pp. 205—20. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bourdieu, P. (2000) Pascalian Meditations. Stanford, CA: Polity Press.
- Bourdieu, P. and L. Wacquant (1992) An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Boyden, J. (2003) `Children under Fire: Challenging Assumptions about Children's Resilience', Children, Youth and Environments 13(1); at: www.colorado.edu/journals/cye (accessed 13 November 2005).
- Bruner, J. (1990) Acts of Meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Burr, V. (1995) An Introduction to Social Constructionism. London: Routledge.
- Connell, R.W. (1995) Masculinities. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- Connell, R.W. (2002) Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Davies, B. and R. Harré (1999) `Positioning and Personhood', in R. Harré and L. van Langenhove (eds) Positioning Theory, pp. 32—52. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Dixon, B. and L.-M. Johns (2001) Gangs, Pagad and the State: Vigilantism and Revenge Violence in the Western Cape, Violence and Transition Series 2. Cape Town: Centre for Studies in Violence and Reconciliation.
- Edwards, D. and J. Potter (1992) Discursive Psychology. London: Sage.
- Eliasov, N. and C. Frank (2000) `Crime and Violence in Schools in Transition: A Survey of Crime and Violence in Twenty Schools in the Cape Metropole and Beyond', Occasional Paper, Institute of Criminology, University of Cape Town.
- Field, S. (2001) `Disappointed Men: Masculine Myths and Hybrid identities in Windermere', in R. Morrell (ed.) Changing Men in Southern Africa, pp. 211—24. Durban: University of Natal Press.
- Garbarino, J., K. Kostelny and N. Dubrow (1991) No Place to Be a Child: Growing Up in a War Zone. New York: Lexington Books.
- Gergen, K.J. (1999) An Invitation to Social Constructionism. London: Sage.
- Gergen, K.J. (2001) Social Construction in Context. London: Sage.
- Glaser, C. (2000) Bo-Tsotsi: The Youth Gangs of Soweto 1935—1976. Oxford: James Currey.
- Goldin, I. (1987), Making Race: The Politics and Economics of Coloured Identity in South Africa. London: Longman.
- Hamber, B. (2000) ` "Have No Doubt It Is Fear in the Land": An Exploration of the Continuing Cycles of Violence in South Africa', Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 12: 5—18.
- Human Rights Watch (2001) Scared at School: Sexual Violence against Girls in South African Schools. New York: Human Rights Watch.
- IPT (Independent Projects Trust) (2001) `The Fear and Terror We Live in Will Never End': A Preliminary Report on Young People's Experiences of Crime. Durban: Crime Reduction in Schools Project, Independent Projects Trust.
- Jones Peterson, H. and R. Carolissen (2000) `Working with Aggressive Preschoolers: A Systemic Community-Based Intervention', in D. Donald, A. Dawes and J. Louw (eds) Addressing Childhood Adversity, pp. 94—112. Cape Town: David Philip.
- Kelly, R. (1988) Surviving Sexual Violence. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Luyt, R. and D. Foster (2001), `Hegemonic Masculine Conceptualisations of Gang Culture', South African Journal of Psychology 31(3): 1—11.[CrossRef]
- McNay, L. (2000) Gender and Agency. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Matthews, I., M. Griggs and G. Caine (1999) The Experience Review of Interventions and Programmes Dealing with Youth Violence in Urban Schools in South Africa. Durban: Independent Projects Trust.
- Morrell, R. (ed.) (2001) Changing Men in Southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg and London: University of Natal Press and Zed Books.
- Morrell, R. (2005) `Men, Movements, and Gender Transformation in South Africa', in L. Ouzgane and R. Morrell (eds) African Masculinities, pp. 271—80. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Parkes, J. (2005) `Children's Engagements with Violence: A Study in a South African School', unpublished PhD, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Pinnock, D. (1984), The Brotherhoods: Street Gangs and State Control in Cape Town. Cape Town: David Philip.
- Scheper-Hughes, N. and P. Bourgois (eds) (2004) Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Seedat, S., C. Nyamai, F. Njenga, B. Vythilingum and D.J. Stein ( 2004) `Trauma Exposure and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Urban African Schools: Survey in Cape Town and Nairobi', British Journal of Psychiatry 184: 169—75.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Unicef (2006) Children Protection Information Sheet: Violence against Children. New York: UNICEF.
- Unterhalter, E. (in press) `Remaking the Nation: Changing Masculinities in South Africa ', in D. Johnson (ed.) The Changing Landscape of Education in Africa: Quality, Education and Democracy. Oxford: Symposium Books.
- Van der Merwe, A. and A. Dawes (2000) `Prosocial and Antisocial Tendencies in Children Exposed to Community Violence', Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 12: 19—37.
- WHO (World Health Organization) (2002) World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva: WHO; at: www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/ (accessed 11 April 2006).
Childhood, Vol. 14, No. 4,
401-414 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0907568207081848

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
|
|